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The critical zone of a relevant machine part is labelled in a precisely adjustable thin layer of radionuclides by irradiation with high-energy particles at the cyclotron accelerator. A nuclear reaction generates radioactive nuclei in the machine part. The resulting gamma radiation is measurable despite the extremely low concentration (10-11 active to unaltered nuclei). The activation does not alter the mechanical or chemical properties of the components and often lies within legal limits for unlicenced handling. Even curved surfaces can be accurately labelled. The scientific and technical basics for reliable labelling of all metallic materials used in industry have been developed during the recent 30 years. They have been applied successfully in industry. The youngest development work was concerning the thin layer activation of ceramic materials.
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